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Flora del Cilento: La malva - www.cilentano.it Flora del Cilento: La malva - www.cilentano.it
malva1 Questa pianta dal caratteristico fiore a campana è molto diffusa nel Cilento e in tutto il Mediterraneo. Conosciuta fin dall’antichità per le sue proprietà curative, è considerata una specie “magica” capace di lenire molti disturbi. Il suo nome deriva dal greco “malakè”, che significa “ammorbidire”, in riferimento alle proprietà emollienti che la contraddistinguono. Già i popoli dell’antica Grecia e dell’antica Roma la utilizzavano a scopo alimentare e curativo. Ippocrate la prescriveva per lenire le infiammazioni, mentre Virgilio e Plinio ne decantavano benefici e utilizzi.
Nel Medioevo si diffuse l’uso di cuocerne le foglie per preparare cataplasmi calmanti. Anche molti celebri erboristi dei secoli successivi, come Mattioli, raccomandavano il suo impiego per curare affezioni della pelle e problemi respiratori.
Una presenza costante nei campi del Cilento
Questa pianta erbacea perenne cresce spontanea in tutto il Cilento, prediligendo i campi incolti, i bordi delle strade e le zone poco frequentate. La si può trovare dalla primavera all’autunno, quando mostra eleganti fiori dal colore rosa, lilla o bianco.
Esistono diverse varietà, ma le più diffuse nel territorio cilentano sono la Malva sylvestris e la Malva neglecta. Entrambe sono piante rustiche e resistenti, che non necessitano di molte cure per crescere rigogliose.
Proprietà e utilizzi
La Malva, possiede notevoli proprietà medicinali dovute all’elevato contenuto di mucillagini. Queste sostanze conferiscono alla pianta un’azione emolliente, antiinfiammatoria e lenitiva.
Le parti più utilizzate sono le foglie e i fiori, impiegati sotto forma di infuso, decotto, sciroppi, creme o unguenti. L’infuso viene utilizzato per lenire irritazioni della gola, della bocca e dello stomaco, mentre il decotto trova impiego come gargarismo contro infiammazioni del cavo orale. Le tisane sono ottime per contrastare tosse e raffreddore.
Applicata sulla pelle, risulta un ottimo rimedio naturale per scottature, punture d’insetto, eczemi e dermatiti. Le sue proprietà antinfiammatorie e calmanti la rendono ideale per preparare impacchi, creme e unguenti utili per lenire fastidi e irritazioni.
Oltre agli utilizzi medicinali, le foglie tenere possono essere mangiate in insalata o cotte come gli spinaci. I fiori ornano e arricchiscono piacevolmente piatti di verdure, insalate e preparazioni dolci.
Come fare per riconoscerla
Basta fare attenzione ad alcune sue caratteristiche distintive:
fusto eretto, ramificato, alto da 20 a 100 cm foglie alternate, picciolate, di forma rotonda con 5-7 lobi fiori con 5 petali saldati alla base, di colore rosa, lilla o bianco frutti costituiti da piccole capsule schiacciate contenenti i semi La fioritura avviene da aprile a ottobre, con elegante formazione di infiorescenze. Per usufruire al meglio delle proprietà officinali, è preferibile raccoglierne le parti fresche all’inizio della fioritura.
La Malva, è una presenza familiare e benefica in tutto il Cilento. Con la sua eleganza e le sue riconosciute virtù curative, questo antico rimedio naturale meriterebbe di essere riscoperto e valorizzato.
Ha svolto un lavoro trentennale presso il Ministero della Difesa. Fin da bambino ha vissuto nel Cilento, da grande si e' imposto di divulgare la bellezza mozzafiato di questi luoghi intrisi di leggenda ed incorniciati dalla natura ancora selvaggia ed incontaminata.
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