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A maggio, San Michele nel Cilento - www.cilentano.it A maggio, San Michele nel Cilento - www.cilentano.it
San Michele Arcangelo 700x350 1 di Pasquale Martucci – Il nome dell’Arcangelo Michele, che significa “chi è come Dio?”, è citato nella Sacra Scrittura e considerato “capo supremo dell’esercito celeste”, cioè degli angeli in guerra contro il male che è sconfitto e scacciato dai cieli. Michele è stato sempre rappresentato e venerato come l’angelo-guerriero di Dio, rivestito di armatura dorata in perenne lotta contro il Demonio, che continua nel mondo a spargere il male e la ribellione sulla terra. A Michele per questi fatti è riservato un culto e una devozione particolare. Dopo l’affermazione del Cristianesimo, quel culto ebbe in Oriente una diffusione enorme, con la costruzione di innumerevoli chiese, santuari, monasteri a lui dedicati, cui si recavano migliaia di pellegrini da ogni regione del vasto impero bizantino. Per i tanti luoghi di culto, la sua celebrazione avveniva in tanti giorni diversi del calendario. In Occidente si hanno testimonianze di un culto, con le numerosissime chiese intitolate a volte a Sant’Angelo, a volte a San Michele; in altri casi località e monti vennero chiamati Monte Sant’Angelo o Monte San Michele. In Italia tra i posti più importanti dove sorgevano cappelle, oratori, grotte, chiese, colline e monti tutti intitolati all’arcangelo Michele, non si può non citare il più celebre santuario italiano dedicato a San Michele, quello in Puglia sul Monte Gargano.
La leggenda racconta che casualmente un certo Elvio Emanuele, signore del Monte Gargano (Foggia) aveva smarrito il più bel toro della sua mandria, ritrovandolo dentro una caverna inaccessibile. Visto l’impossibilità di recuperarlo, decise di ucciderlo con una freccia del suo arco; ma la freccia inspiegabilmente invece di colpire il toro, girò su sé stessa colpendo il tiratore ad un occhio. Meravigliato e ferito, il signorotto si recò dal vescovo di Siponto (odierna Manfredonia) e raccontò il fatto prodigioso. Il presule indisse tre giorni di preghiere e di penitenza; dopodiché al vescovo apparve San Michele e rivelò: “Io sono l’arcangelo Michele e sto sempre alla presenza di Dio. La caverna è a me sacra, è una mia scelta, io stesso ne sono vigile custode. Là dove si spalanca la roccia, possono essere perdonati i peccati degli uomini. Quel che sarà chiesto nella preghiera, sarà esaudito. Quindi dedica la grotta al culto cristiano ”.
L’Arcangelo è comparso lungo i secoli altre volte, ed il popolo cristiano lo celebra ovunque con sagre, fiere, processioni, pellegrinaggi. Le leggende parlano di apparizioni del santo proprio nelle grotte, in soccorso di persone umili e devote, di gente che cerca e chiede protezione.
Nel Cilento, ad Acquavella c’è la chiesa dedicata a San Michele con importanti momenti celebrativi. Le comunità che affidano la loro protezione all’Arcangelo Michele sono molte. In ogni luogo la devozione si esprime secondo locali tradizioni, talvolta ancora vive e ben radicate nella cultura popolare. In altri casi, invece, sopravvive il ricordo della devozione proclamata in passato. Usanza assai diffusa è stata quella di consacrare all’Arcangelo una cavità naturale, adibendola a luogo di preghiera e ponendo sotto la sua protezione il paese e la comunità che lo popola. A Caselle in Pittari , tramite un sentiero, è possibile raggiungere il complesso carsico consacrato all’Arcangelo Michele. Vi sono due grotte accomunate dalla dedizione per il culto del Santo. Laureana Cilento è legata all’omonimo Convento, mentre la Chiesa di San Michele Arcangelo per un lungo periodo ha costituito la parrocchia di Laureana. A Pertosa ci sono le Grotte, note anche come “Grotte dell’Angelo”, uno straordinario complesso carsico di forte attrazione turistica. A Sala Consilina , l’8 Maggio, la statua di San Michele, in pellegrinaggio, viene portata al Santuario situato a monte dell’abitato, dove rimarrà dalla tarda primavera e per tutta la stagione estiva. Diversi sono i rituali e le tradizioni che si susseguono fino a Settembre, quando con solennità si svolgono i festeggiamenti che coinvolgono l’intera cittadina. A Sant’Angelo a Fasanella , in località San Michele si trova la Grotta consacrata all’Arcangelo, sede di un imponente Santuario rupestre, da sempre meta attrattiva sia d’interesse religioso sia storico-archeologico. Quella Grotta è oggi Patrimonio Mondiale Unesco e rappresenta il simbolo della Religiosità Cristiana dei Monti Alburni. Il luogo era utilizzato in epoca preistorica come rifugio, poi divenne un Santuario Cristiano dedicato al culto di San Michele, per ricordare la sua prima apparizione in una grotta.
Terradura ha intitolato a San Michele Arcangelo la parrocchiale del centro. Compatrono del paese, insieme a Santa Sofia, il santo ha da sempre rappresentato un momento di profonda religiosità per i pochi abitanti che popolano la più piccola frazione collinare di Ascea. A Valle dell’Angelo , in località Costa della Salvia si trova la grotta di San Michele. Anche in questa circostanza, come accade altrove, il luogo sacro è legato ad una leggenda. Secondo una prima versione, un gruppo di pastori rimase bloccato nella grotta per via delle sfavorevoli condizioni climatiche. Dopo aver chiesto l’intervento di San Michele, i malcapitati riuscirono a far ritorno a casa. Almeno a partire dal 1600 nella grotta dell’Ausinito è stata custodita una statua di San Michele per accogliere i pellegrini. A periodi alterni, la grotta è stata meta di numerosi fedeli che raggiungevano il “piccolo santuario” tramite un faticoso sentiero. Oggi, la grotta di San Michele è sempre meno visitata, ma la volontà del popolo cerca di preservare il luogo, mantenendo viva la tradizione e conservando le memorie delle origini. A Poderia , la cappella dell’Arcangelo risale alla seconda metà del 1700. Caratteristico è il campanile a cipolla.
Qualche considerazione va fatta sulla celebrazione di Rutino . La seconda domenica di maggio si festeggia San Michele: il culto dell’Arcangelo è il momento solenne e di richiamo per fedeli e visitatori provenienti da tutto il circondario. La ricorrenza è resa suggestiva dalla Sacra Rappresentazione nota come “Volo dell’Angelo”, in cui un bambino (l’Angelo) sconfigge a duello il Diavolo. La tenzone tra l’Angelo e il Diavolo si svolge da secoli, interpretando il dialogo tratto dal Paradiso perduto di J. Milton, a cui si ispira la tradizione popolare. I festeggiamenti si svolgono nella seconda domenica di maggio (in precedenza era l’8 maggio il giorno dell’apparizione dell’Arcangelo Michele sul Gargano). Il bambino è posto su una corda all’altezza di dieci metri da una parte all’altra della piazza per combattere il Male, l’Angelo ribelle.
Acquista l’ultimo volume di Pasquale Martucci: “Del Cilento e del suo genius Loci” su Susil Edizioni
Dott. Pasquale Martucci (sociologo)
È un sociologo, iscritto ANS (Associazione Nazionale Sociologi) e ricercatore (perfezionamento in metodologia della ricerca qualitativa). Da alcuni anni gestisce il sito: http://www.ricocrea.it. Tra le sue pubblicazioni: Identità cilentana e cultura popolare; “Il sacro e il profano; Società, comunità, nuove generazioni; Re frasche re Santu Liu; Le comunità cilentane del novecento; Cilentanità; Del Cilento e del suo Genius Loci.
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